자영업 첫해 꼭 알아야 할 5가지

자영업 첫해 꼭 알아야 할 5가지

자영업 1년차는 본인 사업의 진짜 모습이 보이는 시기다. 처음 시작할 때는 안 보이지만 1년 지나면 분명해지는 다섯 가지를 정리한다.## 1. 매출보다 마진율신규 사장님이 가장 많이 하는 실수: 매출 숫자에만 집중. 사실 중요한 건 마진율이다.월 매출 1,000만원 - 마진율 15% = 순익 150만원 월 매출 700만원 - 마진율 30% = 순익 210만원같은 시간 일하고 두 번째가 더 남는다. 매출 욕심에 마진을 깎으면 1년 후 통장이 비어있다.## 2. 운영비는 매출의 30~40% 잡아야신규 사장님이 두 번째로 많이 하는 실수: 운영비 과소평가. 임대료, 관리비, 인건비, 카드 수수료, 부가세, 4대보험까지 다 합치면 매출의 30~40%는 사라진다.[국세청 자영업자 종합소득세 가이드](https://www.nts.go.kr)를 보면 업종별 평균 마진율 데이터가 있다. 본인 업종의 평균을 먼저 확인해야 한다.## 3. 단골 1명 = 신규 5명신규 손님 모으는 비용보다 단골 유지 비용이 5배 적게 든다. 그런데 신규 사장님은 무조건 신규 손님 모으는 데만 집중한다.단골 만드는 법: - 두 번째 방문 손님 얼굴 외우기 - 멤버십 적립 카드 (디지털 OK) - 단골 전용 시그니처 메뉴/할인## 4. 세금은 매월 정산부가세 / 종합소득세를 1월, 5월에 한 번에 처리하려고 하면 멘탈 무너진다. 매월 마감 시 다음을 따로 챙겨야 한다:- 매출 합계 - 매입 영수증 정리 (부가세 환급 가능) - 인건비 / 4대보험 별도 계좌 - 임대료 / 관리비 별도 계좌세무사 비용 월 5~10만원이면 충분히 합리적이다.## 5. 폐업도 전략1년 운영해서 답이 안 나오면 빠르게 정리하는 게 더 큰 손실을 막는다. 자영업은 "버티면 된다"가 아니라 "안 되면 빠르게 손절"이 정답인 경우가 많다.폐업 결정 기준: - 6개월 연속 적자 - 손익분기점 매출의 60% 미달 - 임대료를 매출로 못 충당이 세 가지 중 두 가지 이상이면 폐업 검토.## 마무리자영업 1년차는 학습의 시간이다. 위 다섯 가지가 다음 1년의 방향을 결정한다.

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